The main aim of this study was to identify a set of empirically based responsible gambling limits that can be used to inform the development of Australian responsible gambling guidelines. 

The consistently best performing limits were those related to gambling expenditure and gambling expenditure as a proportion of income limits.

The cut-offs for the limits may be dependent on the target population, setting, purpose and amount of tolerable risk.

The proposed responsible gambling limits are:

• a gambling frequency of 30 times a year (2.5 times a month);
• a gambling expenditure of $615 per year ($51 per month);
• a gambling expenditure of 1.7% of gross personal income; and
• 2 gambling activities.